Kusakaniza zinthu zosungunulira zinthu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zinthu zovuta komanso zokhalitsa. Kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira za kusakaniza zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri kwa mainjiniya, ofufuza, komanso okonda zinthu. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza bwino za kusakaniza zinthu zosungunulira zinthu, kufufuza momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kukambirana za momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikuwonetsa ubwino ndi zofooka zake.
Kodi Sintering ndi chiyani?
Kusakaniza ndi njira yomwe imaphatikizapo kusakaniza zinthu zaufa kukhala chinthu cholimba pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zosungunula, kusakaniza sikufika pamalo osungunuka a chinthucho. M'malo mwake, kumagwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa maatomu kudutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tigwirizane ndi kukhuthala. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti pakhale kapangidwe kolimba komanso kabwino ka makina.
Kusakaniza zinthu kumaphatikizaponso mphamvu yotakata komanso yopapatiza. Pa mfundo yaikulu, kusakaniza zinthu ndi njira imene ufa womasuka umaphatikizidwa kukhala mabuloko ndi mphamvu yolimba yolumikizira kutentha kwina. Koma kusakaniza zinthu m'munda wa kupanga chitsulo ndi njira yomwe imaphatikiza ufa wa chitsulo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi chitsulo kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangidwa ndi zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito fusion, kupanga kwake ndi kusakaniza zinthu. Zimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana za physicochemical Ngakhale onse awiri adagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti kusakaniza zinthu.
Njira Yoyeretsera
Njira yoyeretsera imakhala ndi magawo angapo. Poyamba, zinthu zopangira zimapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe enaake, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Kenako ufawu umakanikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndikuchotsa mipata. Kenako, zinthu zokanikizidwazo zimatenthedwa bwino mu uvuni woyeretsera. Kutentha kumayendetsedwa mosamala kuti tinthu tigwirizane popanda kusungunula kwathunthu. Pa kutentha, tinthu timafalikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khosi lipangidwe komanso kukhuthala. Gawo lomaliza limaphatikizapo kuziziritsa chinthu choyeretsera, chomwe chimachilola kuti chikhale cholimba komanso chogwirizana.
Kupopera ufa komwe tinkanena kale ndi ufa wachitsulo kapena ufa wochepa. Ndi njira yopangira zinthu kapena chinthucho mu mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira chifukwa cha mgwirizano weniweni ndi mankhwala pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono pa kutentha komwe kuli pansi pa malo osungunuka a chinthu chachikulu. HENGKO ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopopera ufa zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapofyuluta ya diski, fyuluta ya chikho,fyuluta ya kandulo,fyuluta ya pepalandi zina zotero. Chogulitsa chathu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choyatsira moto chili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulola mpweya kulowa bwino, kulondola kolondola kwa kusefa komanso kukana dzimbiri, choyenera madera ambiri. Utumiki wokonzedwanso ungaperekedwenso monga momwe mwafunira.
Gawo lililonse mu ndondomeko yoyeretsera ndi logwirizana, ndipo kuyikapo mphamvu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko yoyeretsera, ndiye kodi kuyika mphamvu kumatanthauza chiyani? Kuyika mphamvu ndi gawo lomwe limatengapo kanthu kuti liwongolere zinthu zosaphika ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale katundu wa ng'anjo yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakulimbitsa kuyeretsa ng'anjo ya blast isanafike zinthu zosaphika ndi mafuta kulowa mu ng'anjo ya blast. Zizindikiro zapamwamba zaukadaulo ndi zachuma komanso zabwino zachuma zitha kupezeka pambuyo poti kuyika mphamvu kugwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsera ng'anjo ya blast. Chomwe chimatchedwa "gwiritsani ntchito bwino chilichonse" ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Ndi mtundu wa chidziwitso chosunga ndalama komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Zinthu Zokhudza Kutulutsa Sintering
Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza njira yothira zinthu, kuphatikizapo kutentha, kutentha, kupanikizika, kukula kwa tinthu, ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutentha kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri podziwa momwe zinthu zimathira zinthu komanso momwe zinthuzo zimakhalira. Kuthamanga kwa kutentha kumakhudza njira yothira zinthu, chifukwa kutentha mwachangu kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa tinthu. Kupanikizika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yothira zinthu kuti tinthu tisinthe ndikuchotsa ma porosity. Kukula kwa tinthu ndi kapangidwe kake kumakhudza momwe timathira zinthu, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kapangidwe kofanana zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tichuluke bwino.
Kuchokera pa lingaliro lenileni la liwu loti sintering, liwu loti kuyaka limatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito moto, payenera kukhala lawi limodzi ndi kutentha kwambiri. Ndipo njira yoyatsira iyenera kuchitika kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa ndi kuyaka mafuta. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha, liwiro loyatsa, m'lifupi mwa gulu loyatsa, mlengalenga mu zinthu zoyatsira, ndi zina zotero zidzakhudza kupita patsogolo kwa njira yoyatsira ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomaliza zoyatsira. Ndipo zinthu zimenezo zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za mafuta ndi mlingo wake. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamakemikolo za mafuta ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza njira yoyatsira.
Chifaniziro cha chinthu sichingakhalepo popanda maziko omwe amakhala. Mafuta ndi zinthu zopangira ndizofanana ndi khungu ndipo matabwa omwe ali ndi ubale ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Popanda chilichonse, njira yoyeretsera siingachitike. Koma mafuta oyeretsera siingachitike makamaka amatanthauza kuyaka mafuta olimba mu gawo la zinthuzo. Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ufa wa coke wophwanyidwa ndi anthracite, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zopangira zoyeretsera siingapangidwe, makamaka zimakhala ndi chitsulo, manganese, solvent, mafuta ndi zinyalala zamafakitale.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Sintering
Kuchotsa zinyalala kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu kutengera njira ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi njirayi. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuchotsa zinyalala ndikofunikira kwambiri posankha njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito zinazake. Nazi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kuchotsa zinyalala:
1 Kuyimitsa Zinthu Molimba
Kusakaniza kwa Solid-state, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kufalitsa, ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri kusakaniza. Munjira imeneyi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa zimatenthedwa kwambiri pansi pa malo omwe zimasungunuka. Pamene kutentha kukukwera, kufalikira kwa atomu kumachitika pakati pa tinthu tapafupi, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga makosi ndi kugwirizana. Kuchotsa malo opanda kanthu ndi kukonzedwanso kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumabweretsa kukhuthala ndi kupangika kwa chinthu cholimba.
Kupopera kolimba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zadothi, monga porcelain ndi alumina, komanso popopera ufa wachitsulo. Kumakondedwa pamene kusunga kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi kuyera kwa zinthuzo n'kofunika kwambiri. Mwa kuwongolera mosamala magawo opopera, monga kutentha, nthawi, ndi kuthamanga, zinthu zomwe mukufuna zimatha kukwaniritsidwa.
2 Kuchotsa Madzi mu Gawo la Madzi
Kusakaniza kwa madzi m'gawo lamadzimadzi kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera gawo lamadzimadzi kuti lithandize kukonzanso tinthu ndi kugwirizana panthawi yosakaniza. Gawo lamadzimadzi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mfundo zochepa zosungunuka, limagwira ntchito ngati chomangira kapena cholumikizira, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi komwe kumafunikira kuti zinthu zisungunuke kwambiri. Njirayi ndi yothandiza makamaka pamene zinthu zosungunula madzi zili ndi mfundo zambiri zosungunuka kapena pamene kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kukufunika.
Pa nthawi yothira madzi m'gawo la madzi, gawo la madzi limafalikira pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tikonzedwenso komanso kuti khosi likhale lolimba komanso lolimba. Kupezeka kwa gawo la madzi kumathandizanso kuchotsa zonyansa komanso kumathandiza kuti zinthu zokhala ndi zinthu zovuta ziwonjezeke.
Kupopera kwa madzi m'magawo amadzimadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma carbide okhala ndi simenti, pomwe tinthu ta tungsten carbide timalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chomangira chopangidwa ndi cobalt. Kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popopera zinthu zina zadothi ndi zitsulo, monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
3 Kupopera Koyambitsidwa
Kupopera kochitidwa, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupopera kothandizidwa ndi minda kapena kupopera kwa plasma, ndi njira yatsopano yopopera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magwero akunja a mphamvu kuti ipititse patsogolo kukhuthala. Imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi, kapena kuwala kwamagetsi kuti iwonjezere njira yopopera.
Mphamvu yakunja imafulumizitsa kufalikira kwa maatomu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khosi lipangidwe mofulumira komanso kukhuthala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kumabweretsa kutentha komwe kumachitika m'deralo, kuchepetsa nthawi yotenthetsera ndikuthandizira kutenthetsa zinthu kutentha kochepa. Njirayi imapereka zabwino monga kukhuthala bwino, kuchepa kwa kukula kwa tirigu, komanso kulamulira bwino kapangidwe kake ndi katundu wake.
Kupopera kochitidwa ndi activated sintering kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupanga zinthu zadothi zapamwamba, zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, ndi zinthu zophatikizika. Ndikopindulitsa makamaka pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, zinthu zovuta, kapena zopopera pang'ono.
Mitundu Ina 4 Yopopera Sintering
Kupatula mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, pali njira zina zingapo zapadera zoyeretsera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi ntchito zinazake. Izi zikuphatikizapo microwave sintering, komwe mphamvu ya microwave imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha ndi kusungunula zinthuzo, ndi pressure-helped sintering, yomwe imaphatikiza kupsinjika ndi kutentha kuti iwonjezere kuchulukana.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira zopangira zinthu zosankhidwa ndi laser (SLS) ndi electron beam sintering (EBS) ndi njira zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyeretsera zinthu za ufa, gawo ndi gawo, kuti zipange zinthu zovuta zamitundu itatu.
Mtundu uliwonse wa sintering umapereka ubwino wapadera ndipo umasankhidwa kutengera zinthu zomwe zilipo, zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, ndi ntchito zinazake.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sintering
Sintering imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kusintha zinthu zaufa kukhala zigawo zolimba zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Tiyeni tiwone madera ena ofunikira omwe sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
1 - Zoumbaumba
Ma ceramic ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri omwe sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ma ceramic opangidwa ndi sintering amawonetsa mphamvu yamakina, kuuma, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matailosi a ceramic, ziwiya zaukhondo, zida zodulira, zinthu zotsutsa, ndi zoteteza magetsi. Mwa kuwongolera mosamala magawo a sintering, zinthu za ceramic zimatha kukwaniritsa kuchulukana, ma porosity, ndi kapangidwe ka microstructure komwe kumafunika pa ntchito zinazake.
2 - Zachitsulo
Mu ntchito zachitsulo, sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo. Izi zikuphatikizapo magiya, ma bearing, ma bushings, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zinthu zomangira. Ufa wachitsulo, monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, umapindidwa ndikusinjidwa kuti upange zinthu zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika. Zinthu zachitsulo zosinjidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kulondola kwa mawonekedwe poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zopangidwa.
3 - Zosakaniza
Kusakaniza zinthu zosakaniza ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zosakaniza, pomwe zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zosiyana zimaphatikizidwa kuti apange zinthu zokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Pakupanga zinthu zosakaniza zachitsulo (MMCs) ndi zinthu zosakaniza za ceramic (CMCs), kusakaniza zinthu zosakaniza ndi chinthu cho ...
4 - Ufa wa Zitsulo
Kupangira zitsulo za ufa, nthambi yapadera ya kupanga zitsulo, kumadalira kwambiri kupanga zitsulo. Kumaphatikizapo kupanga zitsulo kuchokera ku ufa wa zitsulo. Kudzera mu njira monga kukanikiza ndi kupukuta zitsulo, zigawo zovuta kwambiri zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta zimatha kupangidwa. Kupangira zitsulo za ufa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga magalimoto popanga magiya, ma camshaft, ndi mipando ya ma valve, komanso popanga zida zodulira ndi zosefera zopukutira zitsulo.
5 - Kupanga Zosindikiza za 3D/Zowonjezera
Kupopera utoto kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zowonjezera monga kusankha laser sintering (SLS) ndi electron beam sintering (EBS). Mu njira izi, zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa zimapopera utoto mosankha, kutengera mapangidwe a digito, kuti apange zinthu zovuta zamitundu itatu. Kupopera utoto kumalola kuphatikiza ndi kulumikiza zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokhuthala komanso zogwira ntchito. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndege, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi prototyping.
6 Uinjiniya wa Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi
Kupopera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito sintering kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Popanga zinthu zamagetsi monga ma capacitor, varistors, ndi ma thermistors, sintering imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza tinthu ta ceramic, ndikupanga zinthu zokhuthala komanso zoyendetsa magetsi. Kupopera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito sintering kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zamagetsi, ma semiconductor packaging, ndi zinthu za circuit board.
Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za momwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera zinthu zimapangidwira. Njirayi ikufufuzidwa ndi kukonzedwa nthawi zonse kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za mafakitale osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zipangizo ndi zigawo zake zogwira ntchito bwino.
Ubwino wa Sintering
Kupopera utoto kumapereka zabwino zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zinthu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwazabwino zake zazikulu:
1 Maonekedwe Ovuta Kwambiri ndi Mapangidwe Ovuta Kwambiri
Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa sintering ndi kuthekera kwake kupanga zigawo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mapangidwe ovuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zaufa, sintering imalola kupanga zigawo zokhala ndi geometries zovuta zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzikwaniritsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Kusinthasintha kumeneku pakuumba kumathandiza kupanga zigawo zomwe zasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zinazake.
2 Katundu Wabwino wa Makina
Kupopera zinthu kumawonjezera mphamvu za makina a zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zikhale ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Panthawi yopopera zinthu, tinthu timeneti timalumikizana ndikukhuthala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zopopera zinthuzo zikhale zolimba, zolimba, komanso zosagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka. Njira zotenthetsera ndi kufalitsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera zinthu zimathandiza kuti pakhale kapangidwe kolimba komanso kogwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.
Zinthu 3 Zopangidwa ndi Zinthu Zofanana
Kusakaniza zinthu mopanda mphamvu kumalola kuphatikiza ufa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa bwino. Mwa kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ufa kapena kuphatikiza zowonjezera, n'zotheka kusintha mawonekedwe a chinthucho malinga ndi zofunikira zinazake. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kwa zinthuzo kumatsegula mwayi wopanga zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino, monga ma alloys amphamvu kwambiri kapena zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zinazake zamagetsi kapena kutentha.
4 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera
Kupukuta ndi njira yotsika mtengo yopangira zinthu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zosungunula ndi kuponyera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa kumachepetsa zinyalala za zinthu, chifukwa ufa wochulukirapo ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopukuta imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa chifukwa imagwira ntchito kutentha komwe kuli pansi pa malo osungunuka a zinthuzo. Kutha kupanga zinthu zomwe zili pafupi ndi ukonde kumachepetsanso kufunikira kwa ntchito zina zomangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisungidwe malinga ndi momwe zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito mphamvu, komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pambuyo pake.
5 Kusinthasintha kwa Zinthu Zosankhidwa
Sintering imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana posankha zinthu, zomwe zimathandiza pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zadothi, zitsulo, ndi zinthu zina. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, kuphatikizapo ma oxide, carbides, nitrides, ndi alloys, imatha kukonzedwa kudzera mu sintering. Kugwirizana kwa zinthu zambiri kumeneku kumalola kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zinthu zinazake, zomwe zimapangitsa sintering kukhala chisankho chokongola m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Ubwino wa Sintering mu mawonekedwe ovuta, kukonza bwino makina, kupanga zinthu zopangidwa mwaluso, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, komanso kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yopangira zinthu yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito maubwino amenewa, mafakitale amatha kupanga bwino, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kusunga ndalama m'njira zawo zopangira.
Pali kusintha kwakukulu kuphatikizapo kusintha kovuta kwa thupi ndi mankhwala. Machitidwe a thupi ndi mankhwala mu kupopera ufa kuphatikizapo kupopera kapena kupopera madzi kapena zinthu zachilengedwe, kuchotsa mpweya wodetsedwa, kuchepetsa kupsinjika, kuchepetsa ma oxide pamwamba pa tinthu ta ufa, kusamuka kwa zinthu, kubwezeretsanso mphamvu, kukula kwa tirigu, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphunzira ndikumvetsetsa chidziwitso cha kupopera monga wopanga. Ndipo monga ogula, kuphunzira chidziwitso choyambirira ichi kungatithandize kukhala ndi lingaliro labwino posankha zinthu zopopera.
Kupukuta ndi njira yachikhalidwe komanso yovuta. Nthawi ikupita patsogolo, Ndipo ukadaulo wopanga ndi zida zopangira zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse. Sungani chidziwitso choyambira ndikuphunzira chidziwitso chatsopano ndikofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi mafakitale. Kwa zaka 18 zapitazo.HENGKOnthawi zonse imayesetsa kudzikonza nthawi zonse, kupatsa makasitomala zinthu zabwino ndi ntchito zabwino, kuthandiza makasitomala ndi chitukuko chofanana. Tikukhulupirira kuti tidzakhala bwenzi lanu lodalirika la nthawi yayitali.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingasindikiridwe?
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusinjidwa, kuphatikizapo zoumbaumba, zitsulo, ndi zinthu zina. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ufa wa ceramic monga alumina ndi zirconia, ufa wachitsulo monga chitsulo ndizosefera zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ufa wophatikizika wokhala ndi zinthu zolimbitsa monga ulusi kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Kodi ubwino wa sintering ndi wotani poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira?
Kupaka utoto kumapereka zabwino zingapo poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Kumalola kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mapangidwe ovuta, kumapereka mawonekedwe abwino a makina, kumathandiza kusintha kapangidwe ka zinthu, ndikotsika mtengo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinyalala za zinthu, komanso kumalola zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi ntchito zazikulu za sintering ndi ziti?
Sintering imagwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale monga zadothi, zitsulo, ufa wa zitsulo, zamagetsi, ndi zopangira zowonjezera. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matailosi adothi, zida zamagalimoto, zida zachitsulo, zida zodulira, zadothi zamagetsi, ndi zinthu zosindikizidwa mu 3D, pakati pa zina.
Kodi pali zovuta zilizonse kapena zopinga zokhudzana ndi kusuta?
Kusakaniza zinthu zouma kuli ndi zofooka ndi zovuta zina. Kukwaniritsa kuchulukana kofanana kwa zinthuzo kungakhale kovuta, chifukwa kutentha kosagwirizana kapena kufalikira kwa tinthu kungayambitse zolakwika. Kulamulira kukula kwa tirigu ndikuletsa kuchepa kwambiri panthawi yosakaniza zinthu zouma ndi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira. Kuphatikiza apo, si zinthu zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kusakaniza zinthu zouma chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake kwambiri kapena kuyanjana ndi mlengalenga wozungulira.
Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zoyeretsera ndi iti?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zoyeretsera zinthu, kuphatikizapo solid-state sintering, liquid-phase sintering, activated sintering, microwave sintering, pressure-assisted sintering, komanso njira zapadera monga selective laser sintering (SLS) ndi electron beam sintering (EBS). Njira iliyonse ili ndi njira zake zapadera ndipo imasankhidwa kutengera zofunikira za chipangizocho ndi momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kodi kupukuta kumawongolera bwanji katundu wa zipangizo?
Kupukuta kumawongolera makhalidwe a zinthu mwa kulimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa tinthu ndi kukhuthala. Panthawi yopukuta, tinthu timafalikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khosi lipangidwe komanso kuchuluka kwa unyinji. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino monga mphamvu, kuuma, komanso kukana kuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kupukuta kumatha kubweretsa mphamvu zamagetsi, kutentha, ndi mankhwala kutengera zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kodi ziwalo zosinjidwa zimatha kupangidwanso kapena kukonzedwanso?
Inde, ziwalo zosinjidwa zimatha kukonzedwanso kapena kupangidwanso, ngati pakufunika. Ngakhale kuti kupangidwanso kungapange zinthu zomwe zili pafupi ndi ukonde, pakhoza kukhala nthawi zina pomwe kupangidwanso kwina kapena kupangidwanso pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zomwe mukufuna. Njira zopangira makina monga kugaya, kuboola, kapena kupukuta zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zikwaniritse miyeso yomaliza kapena kutsiriza pamwamba.
Kodi zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi ziti?
Kupukuta nthawi zambiri kumaonedwa ngati njira yopangira zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe. Kumawononga mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi njira zosungunula ndi kuponyera, ndipo kumachepetsa zinyalala za zinthu mwa kulola kuti ufa wochulukirapo ugwiritsidwenso ntchito. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuganizira momwe zinthu zopangira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhudzira chilengedwe, komanso momwe zinthu zina kapena zinyalala zomwe zapangidwa zimakhudzira chilengedwe.
Kodi kusakaniza zinthu kumathandiza bwanji pakupanga zipangizo zamakono?
Kusakaniza zinthu zoyeretsera zinthu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba. Mwa kusankha mosamala ndikuwongolera kapangidwe kake, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi magawo a kusakaniza zinthu, n'zotheka kusintha mawonekedwe a zinthu zomwe zatuluka. Izi zimathandiza kupanga zinthu zapamwamba zokhala ndi makhalidwe enaake, monga ma alloys ogwira ntchito kwambiri, ziwiya zogwirira ntchito, kapena zinthu zophatikizika zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-14-2020
