Kodi Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point kwa Zosefera za Chitsulo Zokhala ndi Porous N'chiyani? Buku Lokwanira

Fyuluta yachitsulo yosungunuka ikhoza kutchulidwa kuti "5 μm," koma nambalayo yokha siiuza mainjiniya kukula kwa njira yake yayikulu yotseguka. Pa zitsulo zokhala ndi ma pore zomwe zili ndi netiweki yolumikizana ya ma pore atatu, kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira: ma pore akuluakulu odutsa amatha kukhudza kukhulupirika kwa fyuluta, kusasinthasintha, komanso chitetezo cha pansi ngakhale pamene kuchuluka kwa ma pore kukuwoneka kolondola.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzikuyesa malo ophukiraimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyang'anira ubwino wa zigawo zachitsulo zokhala ndi pobowola.

Ponena za zitsulo zosungunuka, chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri ndiISO 4003:1977,Zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi — Kudziwa kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu[1]. Muyezowu umagwira ntchito pa zosefera, ma bearing okhala ndi porous, ma electrode okhala ndi porous, ndi zinthu zina zosungunuka zomwe zili ndi porous yolumikizidwa. Chofunika kwambiri, ISO imafotokoza mayeso a thovu makamaka ngatimayeso owongolera khalidwe, m'malo mwa njira yodziwira kukula kwenikweni kwa pore, kugawa kwathunthu kwa pore, kapena mtundu wa fyuluta. ISO 4003 idawunikidwa komaliza ndikutsimikiziridwa mu 2022 ndipo ikadali yatsopano. [1]

Kusiyana kumeneko ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetse bwino mayeso a bubble point.

Mwachidule, mayeso a bubble point amayankha funso lothandiza la uinjiniya:

Kodi mpweya ungachotse madzi onyowa kuchokera m'bowo lalikulu kwambiri logwira ntchito bwino lomwe lili m'bowoli pa mphamvu yotani?

Yankho lingathandize opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kusinthasintha kwa machubu, kuzindikira njira zazikulu zosazolowereka, kuyerekeza magulu opanga, ndikutsimikizira ngati gawo lachitsulo lokhala ndi machubu likukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zavomerezedwa.

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Kodi Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point N'chiyani?

Kuyesa malo otsetsereka ndi njira yonyowa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mbowo yayikulu kwambiri yotseguka mu chinthu chokhala ndi mbowo.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi yosavuta.

Fyuluta yokhala ndi mabowo imadzazidwa ndi madzi onyowa. Chifukwa cha kukanika kwa pamwamba ndi mphamvu za mitsempha yamagazi, madziwo amakhalabe mkati mwa mabowo olumikizana.

Mpweya woipa—nthawi zambiri mpweya woyera wopanikizika kapena nayitrogeni—umayikidwa mbali imodzi ya fyuluta yonyowa.

Pamene kupanikizika kukukwera pang'onopang'ono, pamapeto pake kumakhala kokwanira kuthana ndi mphamvu ya capillary yomwe imasunga madzi mkati mwa pores yayikulu kwambiri yogwira ntchito. Mpweya umadutsa mu pores imeneyo ndikupanga thovu mbali inayo.

Kupanikizika komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyamba kwa mkhalidwe wodziwika bwino wa bubbling kumatchedwa:

Kupanikizika kwa Pointi ya Buluu

ASTM F316, ngakhale kuti inalembedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa zosefera za nembanemba osati makamaka pa zosefera zachitsulo zosungunuka, imafotokoza mfundo yofanana ya capillary: kupanikizika kochepa komwe kumafunika kuti madzi onyowa alowe m'pore kumadalira kukula kwa pore, mphamvu ya pamwamba pa madzi, ndi momwe madziwo amanyowetsera. [2]

Njira Yosavuta Yoganizira Zake

Tangoganizirani machubu angapo ang'onoang'ono a capillary odzazidwa ndi madzi.

Zimafunika mphamvu zambiri kuti madzi atuluke mu chubu chopapatiza kuposa chachikulu.

Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito pa zinthu zolumikizana zokhala ndi mapokoso:

Mabowo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito bwino → kupanikizika kofunikira kuchepetsedwa

Mabowo ang'onoang'ono ogwira ntchito bwino → kupanikizika kofunikira kwambiri

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupanikizika kwa malo opumira kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza pores yogwira ntchito kwambiri mu fyuluta yokhala ndi ming'alu.

Koma pali choletsa chofunikira:

Kusiyana kumeneko kumakhala kofunika kwambiri poyesa zitsulo zokhala ndi porous.

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Kodi Mayeso a Bubble Point Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?

Mayeso a bubble point nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo anayi oyambira.

Gawo 1: Nyowetsani Fyuluta Yokhala ndi Mabowo

Chitsulo chokhala ndi mabowo chimadzazidwa ndi madzi oyenera onyowetsa.

Madziwo ayenera kulowa m'mabowo otseguka, olumikizana m'malo mongonyowetsa pamwamba pakunja.

Kutengera njira yoyesera ndi zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, zakumwa zoyenera zitha kuphatikizapo zakumwa zochokera ku mowa kapena zina zoyesera zomwe zatchulidwa.

Madzi onyowetsa ndi ofunika chifukwakukanika kwa pamwambazimakhudza mwachindunji ubale pakati pa kupanikizika ndi kukula kwa ma pore omwe awerengedwa.

Izi zikutanthauza:

Kupanikizika kwa malo opumira popanda chidziwitso chokhudza madzi oyesera ndi njira yake si deta yokwanira.

Ma laboratories awiri amatha kuyesa zosefera zofanana pogwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana pamwamba ndikupeza mphamvu zosiyana za ma bubble point popanda kuti labotale iliyonse ikhale yolakwika.

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Gawo 2: Pang'onopang'ono Ikani Mpweya Wopanikizika

Mpweya woipa umayikidwa mbali imodzi ya fyuluta yonyowa.

Kupanikizika kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa m'njira yolamulirika.

Poyamba, mphamvu ya capillary ya madzi onyowa imaletsa mpweya kuyenda kudzera mu netiweki yodzaza ndi madzi.

Pamene mphamvu yosiyana ikukwera, mpweya umayamba kuchotsa madzi kuchokera munjira yosavuta yoyendera.

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Gawo 3: Dziwani Malo Opangira Buluu

Pakapanikizika pang'ono, mpweya umasweka kudzera mu mbowo yodutsa bwino ndipo thovu limawonekera mbali ya pansi pa mtsinje.

Kutengera ndi njira yoyesera yomwe yatchulidwa, wogwiritsa ntchito kapena chidacho chimazindikira momwe malo oyeretsera a thovu alili.

ASTM F316 imafotokoza kupanikizika kwa malo ophukira malinga ndi kupsinjika komwe kumawonekera thovu lokhazikika panthawi yoyesera nembanemba. [2]

Kwa makampani opanga zinthu, ndikofunikira kuti ogulitsa ndi makasitomala agwirizane pa njira yoyesera ndi malo omalizira m'malo moyerekeza manambala okakamiza osadziwa momwe adapezera.

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Gawo 4: Lembani Kupanikizika ndi Kuwunika Zotsatira

Zotsatira zake zitha kunenedwa ngati kukakamizidwa, mwachitsanzo:

•KPa bar psi

Ikhozanso kusinthidwa kukhalakukula kwa pore yoyesera thovupogwiritsa ntchito ubale womwe watchulidwa pakati pa kupanikizika, mphamvu za wetting-liquid, ndi mawonekedwe a pore.

Pa QC yopanga, opanga amatha kufananiza zotsatira izi ndi mtundu wovomerezeka womwe wavomerezedwa kapena deta yakale ya njira.

 

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Kodi Kupanikizika kwa Bubble Point Kumakhudzana Bwanji ndi Kukula kwa Pore?

Mfundo yeniyeni yoyesera malo otumphukira imachokera ku kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Ubale wosavuta womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi:

D = 4γ cosθ / ΔP komwe:

•D= kukula kwa ma pore diameter ogwira ntchito

•Γ= mphamvu ya pamwamba pa madzi onyowa

•Θ= ngodya yolumikizirana pakati pa madzi ndi pamwamba pa pores

•ΔP= kupanikizika kosiyana pa malo otumphukira

Ubalewu umatiuza chinthu chothandiza kwambiri:

Chifukwa chake:

Izi ndizothandiza poyerekeza zosefera zofanana zomwe zimapangidwa ndikuyesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yolamulidwa.

Komabe, equation iyi siyenera kutipangitsa kuganiza za fyuluta yachitsulo yosungunuka ngati mtolo wa machubu a capillary ozungulira bwino.

Sizili choncho.

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Chidziwitso cha Uinjiniya: Pole yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi Sintered Si Bowo Labwino Kwambiri

Apa ndi pomwe kutanthauzira deta ya bubble point kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri.

Mbale yobooledwa ndi laser ikhoza kukhala ndi mabowo ooneka bwino. Fyuluta ya ufa wothira sintered ilibe.

Pa nthawi yowotcha, tinthu tachitsulo timalumikizana pamodzi ndikusiya netiweki yolumikizana ya malo opanda kanthu. Magawo awa amatha kusintha gawo, nthambi, kulumikizanso ndikutsata njira zopingasa kudzera muzinthuzo.

Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi magawo atatu.

Choncho pamene kuwerengera kwa mfundo ya thovu kumapanga "m'mimba mwake wogwira ntchito," sikuyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kuti winawake waboola dzenje lozungulira bwino la m'mimba mwake womwewo kudzera mu fyuluta.

ASTM F316 ikupereka chenjezo lofananalo pa kuyesa kwa nembanemba: kukula kwake kogwira ntchito kwa ma pore kumachokera pa chitsanzo chabwino cha ma capillary-pore ndipo sikuyimira mwachindunji kusungidwa kwa tinthu tomwe timapezeka. [2]

Pa zitsulo zosungunuka, tikukhulupirira kuti kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kulankhule momveka bwino.

Mfundo ya Bubble ndi chizindikiro cha netiweki ya pore—osati wolamulira wa microscopic yemwe amayesa malo aliwonse opanda kanthu mkati mwa chitsulocho.

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Kodi Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point Kumayesa Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Mawu angapo nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana pamodzi m'mafotokozedwe a chitsulo chopindika:

•Kukula kwa mbole yodziwika bwino kukula kwa mbole yayikulu kukula kwa mbole yapakati kukula kwa mbole yoyesera kukula kwa mbole yoyesera kusanthula kusefa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosungira kukula kwa mbole

Sizosinthasintha.

1. Kutsegula kwa Pore Yabwino Kwambiri

Ichi ndi khalidwe lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo yoyambira ya thovu.

Njira yotseguka yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri imafuna mphamvu yochepa kwambiri kuti madzi onyowa alowe m'malo mwake.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuyesa malo otseguka kukhale kothandiza kwambiri pozindikira njira zazikulu zosayembekezereka.

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2. Kukula kwa Ma Pore Odziwika

Chiŵerengero cha micron cha wopanga ndi kufotokozera kwa chinthu kapena gulu.

Siziyenera kuganiziridwa zokha kuti zikufanana ndi kukula kwa mbole yochokera ku bubble-test.

Fyuluta yogulitsidwa ngati giredi yodziwika bwino ya "5 μm" sikutanthauza kuti imapanga kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu yowerengedwa ya 5.00 μm yeniyeni.

Manambala awiriwa akufotokoza zinthu zosiyana.

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3. Kukula kwa Pakati pa Ma Pore

Kuyeza mfundo imodzi ya thovu sikuyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kukula kwapakati kwa ma pores onse mkati mwa kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosungunuka.

ISO 4003 imachenjeza momveka bwino kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mayeso a thovu ngati njira yodziwira kukula kwenikweni kwa ma pore ndi kufalikira kwa ma pore. [1]

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4. Kugawa Kukula kwa Mitsempha

Ngati ntchito ikufuna kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kufalikira kwa ma through-pores, njira mongaporometry ya kayendedwe ka capillaryzingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.

Njirazi zimafufuza momwe mpweya umayendera wonyowa komanso wouma pamlingo wa kupanikizika m'malo mongodalira pa mkhalidwe woyamba wopambana.

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5. Kusunga Tinthu Tating'onoting'ono

Ichi ndi chinthu china chomwe chimayambitsa chisokonezo.

Kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu komwe kumawerengedwa kumachitasizingafanane zokha ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono kwambiri tomwe fyuluta idzasunga.

Khalidwe lenileni la kusefa lingadalire pa:

•Jiometri ya Mabowo kuya kwa mabowo kugwedezeka kwa mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kugawa kwa keke kapangidwe ka madzimadzi ka kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka mphamvu yosiyana kuyanjana kwa pamwamba

Mofananamo, ASTM F316 imanena kuti zotsatira za ma bubble point siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokhacho chofotokozera kusunga kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda. [2]

Chidziwitso cha Uinjiniya

Ngati wogulitsa akunena kuti:

"Pomwe timapeza thovu lathu ndi 5 μm, motero fyuluta iyi ili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasunga 5 μm." tikufuna kuona umboni wowonjezera tisanavomereze mfundo imeneyo.

Pa ntchito yosefera yofunika kwambiri, malo ophukira ayenera kukhala gawo limodzi la chithunzi chotsimikizira—osati chithunzi chonse.

 

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Kuchuluka kwa Bubble Point poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa Nominal Pore poyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwa kusefera

Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika mokwanira kuti tifotokoze mwachidule:

Pa ntchito zovuta, mainjiniya ayenera kupewa kusankha fyuluta kuchokeranambala imodzi ya micron yokha.

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Chifukwa chiyani kuyesa kwa Bubble Point ndikofunikira pa zosefera zachitsulo zopukutidwa ndi sintered?

Kufunika kwenikweni kwa kuyesa kwa ma bubble point kumamveka bwino tikamakuona ngati chida chopangira zinthu komanso chida cha QC.

1. Kuzindikira Mabowo Akuluakulu Osazolowereka

Taganizirani ma disc awiri opangidwa ndi sintered fyuluta opangidwa kuchokera ku chinthu chomwecho ndi mtundu wodziwika.

Mapangidwe awo ambiri a pores angakhale ofanana.

Koma ngati pali njira yayikulu yoyendera madzi, mpweya wake woyamba ukhoza kufalikira pang'onopang'ono.

Zimenezi zingathandize kuti mayeso a malo otumphukira akhale othandiza pozindikira zolakwika zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuziona m'maselo.

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2. Kuyang'ana Kugwirizana kwa Kupanga

Kugwira ntchito kwa zitsulo zokhala ndi porous kumadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopangira, kuphatikizapo:

•Makhalidwe a ufa wachitsulo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagawika momwe timapangira zinthu monga kukhuthala kobiriwira kutentha kutentha kutentha kutentha kutentha kutentha kutentha nthawi yopangira makina ochapira

Njira yoyendetsera bwino yopangira iyenera kupanga mawonekedwe ogwirizana bwino a machubu kuchokera ku malo kupita ku malo.

Kutsatira zotsatira za bubble point kungathandize opanga kuzindikira kusinthasintha kwa njira.

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3. Kutsimikizira Umphumphu

Kuyesa malo otsetsereka kungathandizenso kuzindikira njira zosazolowereka zoyendera madzi.

Mu ntchito za nembanemba, ASTM imanena momveka bwino kuti kuyesa kwa malo ophukira kungasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba, zisindikizo zosagwira ntchito kapena kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi. [2]

Njira zenizeni zolephera zimasiyana pazigawo zolimba zachitsulo chosasunthika, koma lingaliro la QC lomwe lili pansi pake limakhala lothandizabe:Kutulukira kwa mpweya koyambirira mosayembekezereka kuyenera kufufuzidwa.

Malinga ndi chigawocho, zifukwa zomwe zingatheke zingakhale monga:

•Chilema cha m'bowo lapafupi

•Kuwonongeka panthawi yokonza kachiwiri

•Nkhani mu msonkhano

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4. Kuyerekeza Magulu Opanga

Pa maoda obwerezabwereza a B2B, kusasinthasintha kungakhale kofunikira monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zomwe zatchulidwa.

Kasitomala wogula zinthu mazana kapena zikwizikwi zomwe zimakhala ndi machubu nthawi zambiri amafuna:

Gawo 12 kuti tichite zinthu ngati Gawo 11.

Deta ya malo opukutira, pamodzi ndi kutseguka kwa madzi ndi kuyang'ana kwa miyeso, ingapereke chithunzi chothandiza kwambiri kuposa kungolemba "10 μm" pachithunzi chilichonse.

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Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point vs. Mayeso Ena a Chitsulo Okhala ndi Porous

Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe amafotokoza bwino fyuluta yachitsulo yokhala ndi mabowo.

Pa ntchito zamafakitale, njira zingapo zitha kugwirizana.

Pa zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi,ISO 4022:2018padera limakhudza kudziwa momwe madzi amalowa m'thupi. [3]

Kulekanitsa kumeneku ndi kophunzitsa:

Kufotokozera kwa ma pore ndi kutseguka kwa ma pore ndi zinthu zogwirizana, koma si chinthu chimodzi.

Kapangidwe ka fyuluta yokonzedwa bwino nthawi zambiri imafuna zonse ziwiri.

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Chidziwitso cha Uinjiniya: Musakonze Malo Opukutira Pang'onopang'ono

Lingaliro limodzi lolakwika lomwe nthawi zina timaliona posankha zosefera ndi ili:

"Pofikira pamwamba pa thovu ndi bwino."

Si zoona kwenikweni.

Malo okwera kwambiri a thovu nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kuti pali pobowo laling'ono kwambiri lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pansi pa mayeso ofanana.

Koma ma pores ang'onoang'ono amathanso kuwonjezera kukana kwa madzi.

Mu dongosolo lenileni, mainjiniya angafunike kulinganiza:

Kusunga ↔ Kutsika kwa Kupanikizika ↔ Kuthamanga kwa Madzi ↔ Mphamvu Yosunga Dothi ↔ Mphamvu ya Makina

Mwachitsanzo, kupanga fyuluta ya gasi kukhala yopyapyala kwambiri kuposa momwe kungafunikire kungapangitse kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa ma pore okongola komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Chifukwa chake, fyuluta "yabwino kwambiri" si fyuluta yokhala ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri a thovu.

Ndi fyuluta yomwe kapangidwe kake ka machubu ndi makhalidwe ake oyendera zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika.

Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa mobwerezabwereza mu zokambirana zaukadaulo wa zitsulo zokhala ndi porous: porosity si vuto lopanga lokha loti lichotsedwe; mu fyuluta yokhala ndi porous, netiweki yoyendetsedwa ndi pore ndiyo gawo logwira ntchito la gawolo. Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya amakampani amakonda kukambirana za bubble point pamodzi ndi permeability m'malo mongoganizira ngati metric yokha. [4]

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Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Zingakhudze Zotsatira za Mayeso a Bubble Point?

Kuyesa kwa mfundo za bubulo kumawoneka kosavuta, koma zinthu zingapo zimatha kukhudza kwambiri zotsatira zake.

Madzi Onyowetsa

Kukanika kwa pamwamba kumalowa mwachindunji muubwenzi wa capillary ndi kupanikizika.

Kusintha madzi oyesera kungasinthe kuthamanga komwe kumayesedwa.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake lipoti laukadaulo liyenera kuzindikira madzi onyowetsa.

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Kunyowetsa kwathunthu

Ngati kapangidwe kake kamene kali ndi mabowo sikunyowetsedwa bwino, mpweya wotsekeredwa ungapangitse zotsatira zosocheretsa.

Izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri ndi:

•Ma pores abwino kwambiri a geometries ovuta malo oipitsidwa ndi machubu aatali okhala ndi mabowo okhala ndi machubu akhungu kapena otsekedwa pang'ono

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Ngodya Yolumikizirana

Kugwirizana pakati pa madzi onyowa ndi pamwamba pa chitsulo nakonso n'kofunika.

Mkhalidwe wa pamwamba, kuipitsidwa ndi mankhwala ake zimatha kusokoneza khalidwe la kunyowa.

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Kutentha

Kupsinjika kwa pamwamba kumasintha ndi kutentha.

Kuti tiyerekeze molondola, mikhalidwe yoyesera iyenera kulamulidwa kapena kulembedwa.

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Tanthauzo la Mpumulo Wopanikizika ndi Mapeto

Kupanikizika kowonjezereka mofulumira kungapangitse kuti kutulukira koyamba kukhale kovuta kuzindikira nthawi zonse.

Njira yolamulidwa imawongolera kubwerezabwereza.

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Kuipitsidwa kwa pamwamba

Mafuta, zotsalira za makina ochapira, mankhwala oyeretsera ndi zinthu zina zodetsa zimatha kusintha khalidwe la kunyowa.

Chifukwa chake, fyuluta iyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanayesedwe motsatira njira yomwe yafotokozedwa.

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Jiyomethri ya Pore

Ma pores enieni opindika ndi osakhazikika komanso opindika.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe diameter ya pore yomwe yawerengedwa iyenera kuonedwa ngatikhalidwe logwira ntchito, si kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa geometric.

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Nchifukwa chiyani ma laboratories awiri angapeze zotsatira zosiyana za Bubble Point?

Tiyerekeze kuti Laboratory A ikunena kuti:

Malo Opukutira: 0.8 bar pomwe Laboratory B ikunena kuti:

Malo Opukutira: 1.0 bar

Kodi zimenezo zikutanthauza kuti labotale imodzi ndi yolakwika?

Ayi.

Musanayerekeze manambalawo, onani:

1.Kodi adagwiritsa ntchito madzi omwewo onyowetsa?

2.Kodi madziwo anali pa kutentha kofanana?

3.Kodi fyulutayo inali itanyowa kwathunthu?

4.Kodi mfundo yofanana ya bubble-point inagwiritsidwa ntchito?

5.Kodi njira yochepetsera kuthamanga kwa magazi inali yofanana?

6.Kodi njira yowerengera yomweyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito?

7.Kodi fyulutayo inatsukidwa mofanana?

8.Kodi choyeseracho chinali chotsekedwa bwino?

Chidziwitso cha Uinjiniya

Pazofunikira za ogulitsa, tikukulangizani kupewa zofunikira zomwe zimangonena izi:

"Malo Opangira Buluu ≥ X bar."

Mafotokozedwe obwerezabwereza amatanthauzanjira yoyesera ndi madzi oyesera pamodzi ndi muyezo wovomerezeka.

Kupanda kutero, ogulitsa ndi makasitomala akhoza kufananiza manambala opangidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyana ya thupi.

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ISO 4003: Muyezo Woyesera wa Buluu Wachikulu wa Chitsulo Chopangidwa ndi Sintered

Pazigawo zachitsulo zopindika,ISO 4003:1977ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Mutu wake ndi:

Zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi — Kudziwa kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu

Chojambuliracho chimaphimba zosefera, ma bearing okhala ndi porous, ma electrode okhala ndi porous ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili ndi porous yolumikizana. Muyezowu umakhalabe wofalitsidwa komanso wamakono pambuyo pa kutsimikizika kwake mu 2022. [1]

Mwina uthenga wofunika kwambiri mu ISO 4003 si momwe mungachitire mayeso okha.

Ndi momweosati kutanthauzira.

ISO imayika momveka bwino mayeso a thovu ngatimayeso owongolera khalidwe, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira kukula kwenikweni kwa pore, kugawa kwathunthu kwa kukula kwa pore kapena mtundu wa fyuluta. [1]

Mawu amenewo ayenera kukhudza momwe mainjiniya amalembera zofunikira pa fyuluta.

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Nanga bwanji za ASTM F316?

ASTM F316 nthawi zambiri imakumana ndi anthu akamafufuza za mayeso a bubble point.

Mutu wake wonse ndi:

Njira Zoyesera Zambale za Makhalidwe a Kukula kwa Ma Pore a Zosefera za Membrane pogwiritsa ntchito Bubble Point ndi Mean Flow Pore Test.

ASTM imanena kuti njirayo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa ndikuyerekeza kukula kwakukulu kwa ma pore ndipo imafotokoza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mphamvu za capillary za wetting-liquid ndi bubble point pressure. [2]

Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu:

ASTM F316 ndi muyezo wa membrane-fyuluta. ISO 4003 imayang'ana kwambiri pa zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimatha kulowa m'madzi.

Chifukwa chake, pokambirana za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, nickel, titaniyamu kapena zinthu zina zachitsulo zokhala ndi porous, ISO 4003 nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunikira kwambiri.

ASTM F316 ikadali yothandiza kumvetsetsa mfundo yoyambira ya bubble-point ndi zolepheretsa pakumasulira kuwerengera kogwira mtima kwa ma pore kukhala kusunga tinthu tomwe timagwira ntchito.

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Momwe Mayeso a Bubble Point Amagwirizanirana ndi Kupanga Zitsulo Zopangidwa ndi Sintered

Kuyesa kwa mfundo za thovu sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati ntchito yodzipatula ya labotale.

Zimalowa mu dongosolo lalikulu lowongolera kupanga.

Njira yosavuta yopangira zitsulo zokhala ndi mabowo ingawoneke ngati:

Kusankha Ufa wa Chitsulo

↓

Kugawa Ufa / Kukonzekera

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Kupanga

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Kuwongolera Kuchotsa Sinting

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Kukonza Machining / Kuwotcherera / Kumanga

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Kuyeretsa

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Kuyesa kwa Mabowo ndi Kuyenda kwa Madzi

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Kuyang'ana kwa Miyeso / Kuwona

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QC Yomaliza

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Kulongedza

Kusintha koyambirira kwa njirayi kungakhudze kapangidwe komaliza ka machubu.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayeso omaliza amapereka ndemanga zothandiza pakupanga.

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Ndi Zipangizo Ziti Zachitsulo Zokhala ndi Mitsempha Zomwe Zingayesedwe Ngati Zili ndi Ma Bubble-Point?

Njirayi ndi yofunikira pa zinthu zambiri zachitsulo zomwe zimalowa m'madzi zomwe zili ndi ma pores olumikizana, bola ngati gawolo lingathe kunyowetsedwa bwino ndikuyesedwa.

Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi sintered

Zosankha zomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ndi 304 ndi 316L, ndipo 316L imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamene pakufunika kukana dzimbiri bwino.

Ma alloys a Nickel ndi Nickel

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe kumagwirizana ndi mankhwala, kutentha kapena njira zapadera zimafuna kuti zinthu zigwire ntchito bwino kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhazikika.

Titaniyamu

Kawirikawiri amasankhidwa chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri komanso makhalidwe ake abwino a mphamvu mpaka kulemera.

Zipangizo Zokhala ndi Mabowo Zochokera ku Bronze ndi Copper

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zinthu monga zida zopopera mpweya, zoziziritsa mpweya komanso zosefera zapadera.

Ma Alloys Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri

Kutengera ndi chilengedwe, zigawo zokhala ndi machubu zingapangidwenso kuchokera ku zinthu monga Inconel, Hastelloy kapena Monel.

Zipangizo zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku malo enieni a mankhwala, kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, ndi makina—osati kuchokera ku kukula kwa machubu okha.

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Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point kwa Mapulogalamu Osiyanasiyana

Kusefera kwa Gasi wa Mafakitale

Pa mpweya woipa, mbowo yayikulu yosazolowereka ingathandize kuti mpweyawo uipitsidwe mosavuta.

Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwa ma buleti kungakhale gawo la QC ya filter-media.

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Kusefa kwa Madzi

Pa kusefa madzi, kapangidwe ka ma pores kayenera kuyesedwa pamodzi ndi kukhuthala, kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kudzaza kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kusungidwa komwe kukufunika.

Pointi yokha ya Bubble sikutanthauza kuti ntchito yonse ikuyenda bwino.

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Machitidwe a Gasi Oyera Kwambiri

Kumene zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa madzi zimakhala zovuta kuziwononga, zinthu zokhala ndi machubu okhazikika zingakhale zofunika kwambiri.

Kutengera ndi zofunikira pa ukhondo, malo otumphukira amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mayeso ena owonjezera pakusefa, ukhondo kapena kutayikira kwa madzi.

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Kukonza Mankhwala ndi Petrochemical

Kugwirizana kwa mankhwala, kutentha ndi kupanikizika kungakhale kofunikira mofanana ndi kukula kwa machubu.

Chifukwa chake, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel, titaniyamu kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zapadera zitha kusankhidwa kutengera madzi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

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Kuchuluka kwa Mpweya ndi Kufalikira kwa Mpweya

Chitsulo chokhala ndi mabowo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi gasi ndi madzi.

Apa pali lingaliro lina lolakwika:

Kukula kwa mapoko a thovu sikofanana ndi kukula kwa thovu lopangidwa.

Kukula kwa thovu mu madzi kungadalirenso ndi:

•Kuthamanga kwa mpweya pamwamba pa njira ya madzi kupanikizika kwa diffuser geometry pore distribution orientation madzi kuya kwa coalescence khalidwe

Kuyesa kwa malo ophukira kumatha kuzindikira malo opumira, koma sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kuti kutsimikizire kukula koyenera kwa njira yophukira.

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Momwe Mungawerengere Lipoti Loyesa la Bubble Point

Pa kugula B2B, lipoti lothandiza la mfundo zopumira liyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira kuti zotsatira zake zibwerezedwenso komanso kutsatiridwa.

Ganizirani kufunafuna:

•Nambala ya malonda / gawo

•Nambala ya gulu kapena batch

•Zinthu Zofunika

•Miyeso ya fyuluta

•Mafotokozedwe a pore odziwika

•Njira yoyesera

•Madzi onyowetsa

•Kutentha koyesa komwe kuli koyenera

•Kupanikizika kwa mfundo ya thovu

•Kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu lowerengedwa, ngati kuli koyenera

•Zovomerezeka zovomerezeka

•Zotsatira zopambana / zolephera

•Tsiku loyesa

•Kufufuza kolondola

Chitsanzo

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi kutsata.

Nambala ya kupanikizika yopanda njira yogwirizana nayo komanso mikhalidwe yonyowetsa imakhala ndi phindu lochepa.

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Kusamvetsetsana Kofala Pankhani ya Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point

"Kukula kwa Mabowo a Bubble Point Kumafanana ndi Kuyesa Kwapadera kwa Fyuluta."

Osati kwenikweni.

Ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo angatanthauzidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

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"Bubble Point Imayesa Kukula kwa Pakati pa Mabowo."

Ayi.

Malo oyamba a thovu amagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi njira yayikulu yotseguka yogwira ntchito bwino.

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"Malo Okwera Amatanthauza Fyuluta Yabwino Kwambiri."

Osati zokha.

Kawirikawiri amatanthauza mbowo yaying'ono komanso yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pamikhalidwe yofanana. Kaya zimenezo n'zofunika zimadalira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

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"Bubble Point Imatsimikizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa Kusefa."

Osati yokha.

Kugwira ntchito kwenikweni kwa kusunga kumafuna kuganizira kapena kuyesa kwina.

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"Bubble Point Ikundidziwitsa Kukula Kwa Ma Pore Onse."

Ayi.

ISO 4003 imachenjeza mwachindunji za kutanthauzira kumeneku. [1]

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"Kupanikizika kwa Bubble Point Ndi Kofanana ndi Kupanikizika kwa Burst."

Ayi ndithu.

Kupanikizika kwa mfundo ya thovuimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mpweya wogonjetsa mphamvu za capillary mu pore yonyowa.

Kuthamanga kwamphamvuimakhudza kulephera kwa kapangidwe ka fyuluta kapena gawo lake pansi pa kukakamizidwa.

Fyuluta ikhoza kukhala ndi malo ochepa ophukira pomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakanika.

Kusokoneza magawo awiriwa kungayambitse zolakwika zazikulu pakupanga.

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Kodi Muyenera Kutchula Bwanji Fyuluta Yachitsulo Yokhala ndi Porous?

M'malo motumiza wogulitsa yekha:

"Ndikufuna fyuluta yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya 5 μm." perekani zambiri momwe mungathere zokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito.

Magawo othandiza ndi awa:

•Zinthu zofunika

•Kalasi yosefera mwadzina

•Kufunika kwakukulu kwa pore, ngati kuli kofunika kwambiri

•Chofunikira cha mfundo ya bule, ngati chafotokozedwa

•Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kusefa

•Gasi kapena madzi osakaniza

•Kapangidwe ka mankhwala

•Kutentha kogwira ntchito

•Kuthamanga kwabwinobwino kwa ntchito

•Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa kusiyana

•Kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumafunika

•Miyeso ya fyuluta

•Mtundu wolumikizira

•Njira yoyeretsera

•Muyezo woyeserera wogwiritsidwa ntchito

•Zolemba zofunika za QC

•Kuchuluka kwa gulu

Chidziwitsochi chimalola kapangidwe ka maporous kuti kapangidwe mozungulira pulogalamuyo m'malo mozungulira nambala imodzi ya micron.

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Maganizo Athu Okhudza Uinjiniya: Ganizirani Monga Zenera la “Pole–Flow–Power”

Pa mapulojekiti ambiri achitsulo choboola, timaona kuti ndibwino kuganizira za kusankha fyuluta ngatizenera la magwiridwe antchitom'malo mwa mfundo imodzi yokha.

Zosintha zitatu ndizofunikira kwambiri:

Kapangidwe ka Mabowo → Kuyenda Bwino → Kukhulupirika kwa Makina

Kusintha chimodzi kungathandize ena.

Mwachitsanzo:

•Mabowo osalala angathandize kusunga bwino khungu koma amawonjezera kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi;

•Kuchuluka kwa porosity kungathandize kuti pulojekiti ilowe bwino koma kungakhudze momwe makina amagwirira ntchito;

•Zophimba zokhuthala zimatha kulimbitsa kapangidwe kake koma zimasinthasintha kukana kwa madzi kuyenda;

•Kusintha kwa makhalidwe a ufa kungakhudze kufalikira kwa machubu komanso kutseguka kwa madzi.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake deta ya bubble point imakhala yothandiza kwambiri ikaphatikizidwa ndi miyeso ina.

Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri, tikukulimbikitsani kufunsa kuti:

Funso labwino la uinjiniya kuposa kungofunsa:

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Momwe HENGKO Amafikira Kuwongolera Ubwino wa Chitsulo Chokhala ndi Matupi

Ku HENGKO, zigawo zachitsulo zokhala ndi mapokoso zimapangidwa mozungulira zinthu zofunika, mawonekedwe a mapokoso, mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kutengera ndi malonda ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna, kuwunika kwabwino kungaphatikizepo kuphatikiza kwa:

•

Kusankha ufa wowongolera zinthu zopangira ufa wowongolera mawonekedwe owongolera mawonekedwe owunikira mawonekedwe a pores kuyesa kulowererapo kuyesa kokhudzana ndi kupanikizika kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino kutsimikizira ukhondo kuwongolera ntchito yeniyeni

Pa mapulojekiti omwe mfundo ya bubble ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lovomerezeka, mikhalidwe yoyesera ndi malire ovomerezeka ziyenera kufotokozedwa panthawi yotsimikizira zaukadaulo.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazigawo zopangidwa ndi ma pore, pomwe zigawo ziwiri zomwe zimawoneka zofanana kwambiri ndi kunja zingafunike mapangidwe osiyana kwambiri a ma pore amkati.

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Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri: Kuyesa kwa Bubble Point kwa Zosefera za Chitsulo Zokhala ndi Porous

Kodi mfundo ya thovu la fyuluta ndi yotani?

Malo opumira ndi mphamvu yomwe mpweya umagonjetsa mphamvu ya capillary yomwe imasunga madzi onyowa mkati mwa pore yogwira ntchito bwino ndikupanga mkhalidwe wopumira womwe umafotokozedwa bwino kumbali ya pansi pa mtsinje.

Kodi malo okwera a thovu amatanthauza kukula kwa ma pore ochepa?

Pansi pa madzi omwewo onyowetsa ndi mikhalidwe yofanana yoyesera, nthawi zambiri inde. Kupanikizika kwa malo opukutira kumakhudzana ndi kukula kwa ma pore diameter ogwira ntchito.

Kodi malo opumira amafanana ndi kukula kwa pores?

Sizili choncho kwenikweni. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mawonekedwe a ma pore ogwira ntchito poyesa thovu, koma siyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa netiweki yeniyeni ya ma pore atatu.

Kodi kuyesa kwa ma bubble point kumayesa chiyani mu fyuluta yachitsulo yosungunuka?

Ndiwothandiza kwambiri pofotokoza momwe zinthu zilili bwino kwambiri komanso poyerekezera zinthu zoyendetsera bwino zinthu.

Kodi kuyesa kwa ma bubble point kungadziwe kukula kwapakati pa pores?

Malo oyamba a thovu sayenera kuonedwa ngati kukula kwapakati kwa ma pore. Kufotokozera bwino ma pore kumafuna njira zina.

Kodi malo ophukira amatha kudziwa momwe kusefera kumagwirira ntchito?

Ayi. Kuyesa kwa mfundo za thovu kokha sikutsimikizira momwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwirira ntchito.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ya thovu ndi kupsinjika kwa burst ndi kotani?

Malo opukutira amatanthauza kusuntha kwa madzi kuchokera m'mabowo onyowa. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhudzana ndi kulephera kwa makina. Amafotokoza makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri.

Ndi muyezo uti womwe umagwira ntchito poyesa thovu lachitsulo lopangidwa ndi sintered?

ISO 4003:1977 ikufotokoza mwachindunji kukula kwa ma pore a mayeso a thovu mu zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi. [1]

Kodi ASTM F316 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zachitsulo zosungunuka?

ASTM F316 yalembedwa makamaka pa zosefera za membrane. Mfundo zake ndi zothandiza kumvetsetsa mayeso a bubble point, koma ISO 4003 ndiye muyezo wofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimatha kulowa. [1][2]

N’chifukwa chiyani madzi onyowa ayenera kulembedwa pa lipoti la malo opumira?

Chifukwa mphamvu ya pamwamba imakhudza ubale pakati pa mphamvu ya malo opumira ndi kukula kwa ma pore kogwira ntchito. Mphamvu ya kuthamanga yomwe imapezeka ndi madzi osiyanasiyana onyowa siyenera kuyerekezeredwa mopanda nzeru.

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Mapeto

Kuyesa kwa ma bule point ndi chimodzi mwa zida zothandiza kwambiri poyesa mawonekedwe a ma pore ndi kupanga kusinthasintha kwa zosefera zachitsulo zokhala ndi ma pore—koma pokhapokha ngati zotsatira zake zatanthauziridwa molondola.

Chofunika kwambiri sikusintha netiweki yovuta ya ma pore atatu kukhala nambala imodzi yooneka ngati yolondola ya micron.

Ubwino wake ndi kuthandiza kuyankha mafunso abwino:

Kodi pali njira yayikulu yosayembekezereka yotsegulira madzi?

Kodi malo opangira awa akugwirizana ndi zomwe zavomerezedwa?

Kodi kapangidwe ka machubu kasintha?

Kodi gawoli likukwaniritsa muyezo wovomerezeka wa bubble point?

Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zosefera, malo opumira ayenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi ndi kulola mpweya kulowa, momwe kusefera kumagwirira ntchito, kugwirizana kwa zinthu, zofunikira pa kupanikizika, komanso malo enieni ogwirira ntchito.

Mukufuna thandizo posankha fyuluta yachitsulo yokhala ndi pobowola?

Tumizani HENGKO zomwe mukufunazofunikira pa zinthu, pore/sefa, miyeso, malo ogwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kutentha ndi zofunikira pa mayesoGulu lathu la mainjiniya lingathandize kuwunika kapangidwe ka chitsulo koyenera komanso njira yoyesera ntchito yanu.

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Maumboni ndi Magwero Aukadaulo

[1] ISO 4003:1977 — Zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi — Kudziwa kukula kwa pore yoyesera thovu
Bungwe Lapadziko Lonse Loona za Kukhazikika kwa Zinthu (ISO). Muyezowu umayang'ana makamaka zinthu zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi ndipo umazindikira kuyesa thovu ngati njira yowongolera khalidwe m'malo motsimikiza kwathunthu kukula kwenikweni kwa ma pore kapena kufalikira kwa ma pore.

[2] ASTM F316-03(2019) — Njira Zoyesera Zachizolowezi za Makhalidwe a Kukula kwa Ma Pore a Zosefera za Membrane pogwiritsa ntchito Bubble Point ndi Mean Flow Pore Test
ASTM International. Yothandiza pa mfundo zakuthupi za mphamvu zamadzimadzi za capillary, kuthamanga kwa bubble point, kuchuluka kwa ma pore komanso zoletsa zokhudzana ndi kusunga tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

[3] ISO 4022:2018 — Zipangizo zachitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimalowa m'madzi — Kudziwa momwe madzi amalowa m'madzi
Bungwe Lapadziko Lonse Loona za Kukhazikika kwa Madzi. Zofunikira pamene kuvomereza ndi kukana kuyenda kwa madzi ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe a ma pore oyesera thovu.

[4] Zokambirana za uinjiniya wa mafakitale pa zitsulo zokhala ndi porous sintered
Zokambirana zaposachedwa zaukadaulo mu gawo la zitsulo zokhala ndi mapokoso zikugogomezeranso kuti mapokoso olumikizidwa bwino ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito ya fyuluta yosungunuka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakambirana za malo opumira pamodzi ndi kutseguka kwa madzi. Zomwe zawonedwazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ngati nkhani yamakampani osati ngati zofunikira zoyesera.