Zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuyambira pakumanga mpaka kupanga. Komabe, anthu ambiri amadabwa ngati chitsulo ndi porous. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za porosity, momwe zimakhudzira zitsulo, ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri okhudza porosity muzitsulo.
Kodi porosity ndi chiyani?
Porosity ndi muyeso wa malo opanda kanthu (pores) mkati mwa chinthu. Ndilo chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa malo opanda kanthuwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse. Porosity zimakhudza thupi ndi makina katundu wa zipangizo monga kachulukidwe, mphamvu ndi permeability.
Pali Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Porosity, kuphatikiza:
Porosity Yotsekedwa:Zovala zomwe sizimalumikizidwa pamwamba pa chinthu.
Open porosity:Ma voids olumikizidwa pamwamba pa chinthu.
Kupyolera mu Porosity:Ma voids olumikizidwa kumadera onse azinthu.
Zitsanzo zina za zida zobowola ndi masiponji, mapepala, ndi thovu, pomwe zida zosakhala ndi magalasi ndi magalasi, zoumba, ndi zitsulo zina.
Kodi porous amatanthauza chiyani?
Porous ndi chiganizo chomwe chimafotokoza za zinthu zomwe zili ndi voids kapena pores zomwe zimalola madzi kapena mpweya kudutsamo. M’mawu ena, limatanthauza kukhoza kwa chinthu kuloŵerera kapenakulola kuti zinthu zidutse. Zida za porous zimakhala ndi malo apamwamba ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kusefera, kutsekemera ndi kuyamwa.
Zitsanzo za Zinthu Zopanda Boko ndi Zopanda Bowo
1. Zitsanzo Zina za Zida Za Pobowo Ndi:
siponji
nthaka
nkhuni
Chithovu
Mapepala
makala
2. Zitsanzo Zina za Zida Zopanda Bowo ndi:
Galasi
za ceramic
Zitsulo zina (monga golide, siliva, ndi platinamu)
pulasitiki (malingana ndi mtundu)
Porosity mu Zitsulo
Zitsulo zimatha kukhala porous chifukwa cha kupanga kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe mukufuna. Zitsulo za porous zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa malo, kuwongolera matenthedwe ndi magetsi, komanso kusefera bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingakhale porous chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa welds kapena mapangidwe dzimbiri. Aluminiyamu imathanso kukhala porous chifukwa cha kupanga zigawo za oxide kapena zonyansa muzitsulo. Chitsulo chikhoza kukhala porous chifukwa cha kupanga kwake kapena kukhudzana ndi malo owononga.
Kuyeza Porosity mu Zitsulo
Kuti mudziwe porosity yachitsulo, njira zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga:
Metallographic analysis:Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone momwe chitsulocho chilili.
Radiography:Izi zimaphatikizapo kuulula chitsulo ku X-ray kuti azindikire zotuluka mkati.
Mayeso a Ultrasonic:Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu okwera kwambiri kuti azindikire zomwe zili mkati.
Njira ya pycnometric ya gasi:Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyeza kuchuluka kwa gasi wochotsedwa ndi zinthu zolimba.
Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake ndipo ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ntchito.
Porous Metal Applications
Zitsulo za porous zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
Zagalimoto:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ojambulira mafuta, zosefera mpweya ndi makina otulutsa mpweya.
Zachipatala:Kwa implants, implants za mano ndi zida zopangira opaleshoni.
Zamagetsi:Kwa masinki otentha komanso chitetezo chamagetsi.
Zamlengalenga:Kwa matanki amafuta, zosinthira kutentha ndi zosefera.
Zomangamanga:Kwa mapanelo acoustic ndi ma facade cladding.
Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zazitsulo zomwe zakulitsidwa pamsika zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zowonjezera,
chubu chachitsulo chowonjezera, pepala lowonjezera la aluminiyamu, pepala lowonjezera la aluminiyamu, ndi thovu lachitsulo lokulitsidwa.
Momwe Mungapewere Pores mu Zitsulo
Kuphulika kumatha kupewedwa pochita izi:
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zipangizo ndi ma alloys.
Kukonzekera bwino kwazitsulo zazitsulo musanayambe kuwotcherera kapena kujowina.
Kuwotcherera koyenera kapena njira zolumikizirana ndi magawo.
Gwiritsani ntchito gasi wotetezedwa kapena flux.
Chepetsani kukhudzidwa ndi malo owononga.
Pochita izi, mapangidwe a voids muzitsulo amatha kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zamphamvu komanso zodalirika.
Kodi Stainless Steel Imabowola?
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri sichimatengedwa ngati chinthu chobowola m'njira yachikhalidwe chifukwa sichilola kuti zinthu zidutse mosavuta. Komabe, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kusinthidwa kuti zikhale zochepa kapena zochepa, malingana ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni yomaliza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopukutidwa kwambiri chimakhala chocheperapo kuposa chopukutidwa kapena mchenga. Komanso, ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chawonongeka kapena kukanda, chikhoza kuchita dzimbiri mosavuta ndipo chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zilowe mosavuta.
Kodi Aluminiyamu Imaphulika?
Aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri imatengedwa ngati chitsulo chopotoka chifukwa imatha kuyamwa madzi ndi mpweya mosavuta kudzera pamwamba pake. Izi ndichifukwa choti aluminiyamu mwachilengedwe imapanga wosanjikiza wopyapyala wa oxide pamwamba pake, womwe umapanga ma pores ang'onoang'ono omwe zinthu zimatha kudutsa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa porosity kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga aloyi ya aluminiyamu, kumaliza kwapamtunda, ndi zokutira zilizonse kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Nthawi zina, aluminiyumu imatha kuchepetsedwa mu porosity kudzera munjira monga anodizing kapena zokutira ndi chosindikizira.
Kodi Steel Porous?
Mofanana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo sichimatengedwa ngati chinthu cha porous mwachikhalidwe. Komabe, porosity yachitsulo ikhoza kudalira zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu weniweni wa chitsulo, mapeto a pamwamba, ndi zokutira zilizonse kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zamtundu wina zimatha kukhala ndi njere zotseguka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga kapena dzimbiri, zomwe zingayambitse kupanga pores kapena mapanga pakapita nthawi. Kuonjezera apo, ngati pamwamba pa chitsulo sichikupukutidwa bwino kapena kutetezedwa bwino, imatha kukhala porous komanso yowonongeka kapena kuwonongeka.
Kodi Zogulitsa Zazitsulo Zotchuka Za Porous Pamsika Ndi Chiyani?
Inde, pali zinthu zingapo zodziwika bwino zachitsulo pamsika. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zazitsulo za porous ndi:
5.1 Plate Yachitsulo Yosungunuka
Izi ndi zitsulo zathyathyathya zokhala ndi porosity yoyendetsedwa yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusefera, kufalitsa ndi ntchito zina.
Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu kapena nickel alloys.
5.2 Porous Metal Tube
Awa ndi machubu opanda kanthu okhala ndi porosity yoyendetsedwa yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusefera, mpweya, ndi ntchito zina.
Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena titaniyamu.
5.3 Porous Aluminium Plate
Awa ndi mapepala amtundu wa aluminiyamu okhala ndi porosity yoyendetsedwa yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusefera, kufalikira ndi ntchito zina.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga ndege ndi magalimoto.
5.4. Perforated Aluminium Plate
Awa ndi mapepala amtundu wa aluminiyamu okhala ndi porosity yoyendetsedwa yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusefera, kufalikira ndi ntchito zina.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zamagetsi ndi zida zamankhwala.
5.5 Porous Metal Foam
Izi ndi zopepuka zamitundu itatu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi porosity yoyendetsedwa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mphamvu, ndege ndi magalimoto pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito monga zosinthira kutentha,
otembenuza catalytic ndi kutchinjiriza mawu.
Pomaliza
Mwachidule, zitsulo zimatha kukhala porous chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga kupanga zitsulo, kukhudzana ndi zowonongeka.
malo, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe mukufuna. Porous zitsulo ndi ntchito angapo m'mafakitale osiyana ndi katundu akhoza kukhala
zowonjezeredwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni. Porosity muzitsulo ziyenera kuyesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino komanso zodalirika. Ndi zoyenera
miyeso, porosity muzitsulo imatha kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zamphamvu komanso zolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-09-2023
